as mentioned above - layer
two or three top layers should work - man made preferred (and / or wool ?)
cycling specific apparel not required (especially for casual rides) - if you have Nike Dri-Fit or UA Heatgear or similar they will be fine for the first and second layers
second or third layer can be a thicker layer - or a shell can be substituted (lightweight or more substantial - depending on temps)
for bottom - ? - full length tights are a good idea when temps drop (especially for road rides) - but many get by with just shorts for short casual rides
full finger gloves are a good idea
balaclava or similar - ? - good idea for road rides - but many get by without for short casual rides
not a bad idea to be a tad cool when you start a ride in cold weather - you will generate heat when you ride … if you don’t generate enough heat - kick up the pace lol