There is no structural reason it won't work assuming the caliper reach allows the brake pads to align with the rim properly. However, one problem with modern rim brake frames is most are made for recessed brake bolts. That means front of the brake bridge is drilled for an 8 mm OD elongated flanged nut and the rear of the bridge has a 6 mm hole for the brake bolt. Reversing the brake orientation would require drilling out the rear of the bridge to 8 mm and making an 8mm/6mm reducer bushing for the front.