Off the top of my head, I can't think of anything much over the last 10-15 years.
Some frames have some interesting more aero shapes. Some carbon handlebars have a newer look.
I read somewhere not too long ago that Aero testing showed that the super tight tire clearances (front fork) were not very aerodynamic, and the forks now had more tire to fork clearance.
Goodpoints above.
- More compact drop (and flattened/aero) compared to the old school track bars
- Aero helmets and attached goggles
- Maybe more wind tunnel tested frames (or at least they try to look that way...)