Generally wider tire clearances and disc brakes. However in my case, I can only really say a bit more tire clearance but otherwise really nothing. My comparison is from about a $9000 to $2000 bike with rim brakes.
I've got a 2015 Cannondale SuperSix HM w/ SRAM Red and a 2020 Orbea Orca w/ Shimano 105. Between the two, really no difference in technology aside from the obvious performance differences in weight and groupset. The Orca is the OME frameset so it's bit more relaxed and more comfortable for longer rides. The SuperSix being lighter in weight and more aggressive geometry, averages about 1 MPH faster on the same routes.
I had picked up the Orca before they dropped rim brakes from the line up earlier in the year. However the next bike I'm planning on is an aero bike with disc brakes since I've got to get with the times.