In the last batch of pics, with the chain is in the big ring, and likely in next to smallest cog,
the outside of the der. cage looks close to the chain at the front, but with a big gap at the back.
This could explain the issue, and rotating the der. so the outside of the cage is evenly close to the chain would help.
You can tell which limit screw is which because it is the one touching something when the der. is in or out.
Keep at it!