Not quite "had to replace" but:
Twenty years or so ago I bought a new Trek 520 touring bike. On my second ride, the rear wheel turned into a taco, with many, many spokes loosening up. Brought it back to the bike shop, they said "Oh yeah, these machine built wheels always have that happen," trued the wheel and I went twenty years without problems and then finally broke a spoke. Never had that happen before or since.
The component I've had fail that I'm not impressed with are the Bontrager rubber cadence sensor magnet bands that go on your crank if you use the DuoTrap built in sensor on a Trek bike. I had two split very quickly, plus it doesn't stay in place very well - just zip tied it in finally.