I weigh in at 105 kg buck naked and must use well built wheels with at least 32 spokes. Anything less and they are used up within a year. As for the bicycle frame, any material will be just fine. I have had carbon, aluminum, titanium and steel. They all have held up just fine. Only ride steel now. As for rims, double walled and eyelets are my preference. Mavic rims have served me well. Velocity as also served me well. I build my own wheels and always modify the axles to 135mm to encourage even spoke tension between drive and non drive sides. Spokes are DT Swiss 2.0 or 2.0-1.8 DB. Only use brass nipples. Aluminum nips break on me.
As for fat bikes, I have yet to see any come into the shop with problems in the wheels other than cheap hubs falling apart. The rims and spokes seem to be fine.