Good to hear your shifting is working. If it fails to jump up or down a cog, it just sounds like an adjustment needs to be made to the cable tension.
Once you get the step ferrule you can do away with that strange ferrule with boot. Seriously, these things were not made with vintage bikes in mind.
I'd avoid the cable tie, if you must have it make sure it's loose. Every time you change gears the cable housing flexes - if it's secured tight you are restricting movement. It will also rub the paint off over time.
Your cabling looks OK. Maybe the front brake is a touch too long, but that's being pedantic. A nice way to do brifters on vintage frames is to route the right lever over to the left downtube boss, and vise versa, then cross the cables under the downtube. That way the cable housings won't rub through the paint on your head tube.