Much of this issue depends on your local laws. Plus you have not given enough information to completely determine fault.
One thing you absolutely did wrong, was leaving the scene without at least exchanging information.
In most instances as you described, the left turning vehicle is responsible to yield to ALL oncoming traffic, including cyclist. BUT if you were using the shoulder to pass the stopped cars, and it is illegal for a cyclist to use the shoulder in your location, then you are also at fault.