Nothx

I'm trying to replace my brakes, wheels, chain and pedals on this bike I just purchased. I just want to know what brand I should go to based off of quality for the price.

mrv 

well, based on details provided, i'd say SHIMANO!

but if you'd like more specifics of what I've actually done, for my SURLY frameset i got last year: https://www.bikeforums.net/23167417-post15.html
brakes: TEKTRO long reach R559 calipers - got them 'cause i'm planning 650b wheels this year
wheels: Paul Hubs and Velocity A23 rims. Dyads would be good too.
chain: i'm not picky. there's a whole sram vs Izumi going. read that.
pedals: Crank Bros egg beaters. -- Crank Bros are pretty affordable. I've only had on pair break on me, a pair of platform stamps. Probably lots better pedals out there.

if you want cheap wheels, maybe something with Origin8 hubs, but I'll probably not go o8 again.

veganbikes

Go with the brand that has the best quality for the price for the parts you need on the bike you just purchased. Considering you are replacing quite a bit of parts on a bike you just purchased, sell that bike or return it and get a bike that has more parts you want. If you buy a bike and are ready to replace a large amount of parts that is probably the absolute wrong bike for you. Pedals, grips and saddle are one thing those are touch points but wheels and brakes and drivetrain is a whole different thing. If you are looking to do that get a bare frame and set it up how you want.

Jaytron

Just ride the bike IMO. If you JUST purchased a new bike and are replacing stuff, you either bought the wrong bike or are doing a bunch of stuff you don't really need to do.

MattoftheRocks

retro-gression.com store has a bunch of stuff that’s okay-to-great to either un-junk a junky new bike, refurb a worn out nice bike, or restomod/convert an old geared bike to SS/fixed. I’ve gotten a couple cranksets, bottom brackets, and handlebars from them through the years. Solid business IME.

Jaytron

Agree, Scrod is great. He used to mod here!