Ummm.. is picture #2 your cassette? If it is, then someone has taken 9 or 10-speed Campy cassette cogs, removed the original spacers and one or 2 cogs, and converted it to a 8-speed cassette.
If these came off of your rear wheel, then the freehub should be compatible with all Campy cassettes from 9-12 speeds.
Regarding Campy 10-speed, I have several bikes kitted out with 10-speed Ultrashift, and it is amazing stuff. The shifting performance is as good as mechanical gets. Every few years you have to replace the G-springs and perhaps spring carrier, and hoods, but that is the only downside. Campy 10-speed cassettes (13-29 or 12-30) are still easily available from the UK mail-order places, for about half of their cost in N. America, if you can get them at all over here.
Other: your rear derailleur will not be compatible with Campy 10+speeds. And do not invest any of the lower-tier Campy gear, such as Power Shift or (shudder) Escape.