Great responses, everyone. Enjoyed reading them. Since my original post, I thought about my question slightly differently. If I had gone into a comma in 2009 and woke up today (and through the marvels of modern medicine retained my bike fitness), what change would I find most notable as I walked into my LBS and tried to update my bike stuff, and would that impression change after I began riding/training again?
The first, I think, would be the more aero shapes of new road bikes. The second would be the width of tires. But after getting past those obvious, physical changes and I started training, it would definitely be smart trainers, online training and general connectivity -- That would ultimately be most impactful for me.