For an extreme long crank argument, check out this 1969 Bicycling article posted in the C&V forum:
https://www.bikeforums.net/classic-v...-magazine.html
For what it’s worth, I’m in the short crank camp because my hips aren’t very flexible. With 170s I have a hard time getting over the top of the pedal stroke when I’m on the drops because my hip can’t close far enough. The natural tendency is to compensate by rolling the pelvis pack and bending with the spine rather than hip, which isn’t good for the lower back.