The only time riding a heavier bike than others might come up with some benifit will be if you regularly ride as a group with others that are below your cycling fitness level. Then that might let you get the workout you need on hills and accelerations that you wouldn't get while riding with them on a lighter bike becuase you have to hold back and can't ride at your normal power level.
However something to increase your drag will be a better option, IMO. Maybe something like those little drogue chutes you see trailing some pro riders every great once in a while when they are riding regularly with others well below their ability.