inadequate gearing on road bikes - and poor rider position/fit - was a contributing factor to the growth of the 'mountain bike' in the 90's
As well as a contributing factor, in combination with uncomfortable OEM rock hard ass -hatchet saddles and narrow high pressure tires, to stunting, if not killing the so-called "bike boom" of the early 70's. The relative comfort of the 80's mountain bike for casual recreational riding regardless of road surface, as well as typical commuting or local transportation purposes, in comparison to the so-called "10 speed racers" was obvious to all but speed obsessed "enthusiasts."