For the original topic title, that'd be a NO as your place in the lane has to do with the white line anyway. Left of the white line so cars don't "cheat the pass" and hit you. So the shoulder is kind of arbitrary.
As for city riding, I think that's a big "it depends". It depends on the density of the area, average speeds, sight lines. I ride in the older richer neighborhoods of the city which means wider older roads and more homes with driveways and garages meant to house cars instead of street parking. Then the speed limit is slow enough also there's zero excuse not to see a rider or avoid them. Traffic volume is lower than middle class dense suburban neighborhoods.
Tradeoff is nobody wants to ride with you because it's hilly AF and everyone loves that over 20mph avg pace. Not a 3.5w/kg tough ride netting slower than 20mph.