https://www.outsideonline.com/health...ohol-research/
While the study was focused on runners I can see a relationship to cyclying as it pertains to alcohol consumption. I'am a moderate kind of guy and a couple of beers is part of a full happy life. I don't think I get any dispensation for a hard day on the bike but if it was celebrating some hard won goal well yeah. So the question is do hard efforts offset excessive consumption. Or perhaps the really hard efforts are so infrequent that it does not matter. I need a drink.
"Among heavy-drinking men (though not women), the fittest were the least likely to exhibit signs of dependence. This fits with the idea that their exercise habits are filling some of the psychological space that alcohol might otherwise fill on its own."