No one is ever going to be clear on the effect of trail except by riding bikes with different trail. Talk about it all day, if you haven’t ridden the bikes you don’t know.
Race bikes do not have low trail. For road racing just about everything out there will be close to neutral trail of 57mm. Neutral means the bike does what you tell it to and does it now. The only road race bikes with significantly lower trail will be antiques. And only a very few of those will be low trail in the sense that randonneurs or low trail advocates will have it. Low trail in that sense means not just lower than neutral, it means 40mm or less.
Consumer bikes generally have high trail in the sense of higher than neutral - anything above 57mm. High trail definitely makes the bike more stable. The bike holds a line much more easily and will continue to hold a line if the front tire hits a pebble or the rider next to you bumps you lightly. Small little upsets that are going to happen just matter less. The flip side is the bike sometimes feels like a truck that won’t turn without advance planning. Some are bothered by that and some aren’t. Manufacturers and their lawyers generally want to play it safe and build high trail bikes.
Off-road bikes almost all have high trail. This makes sense, the contact patch begins out in front of the axle. Different discussion. Small frame bikes will usually have very high trail because the mfrs are too cheap to make more than one fork rake. Also a different discussion.
Describing how low trail bikes handle is just difficult. I have never come across a verbal description that matches the experience. A couple things are clear. Low trail does very well at carrying load. A heavy handlebar bag is a major nuisance on a high trail bike and disappears on a low trail bike. Saddlebags wag the tail of a high trail bike, low trail manages that much better. Front panniers work real well. Rear panniers also work better than with high trail. Low trail does fast descents and most high speed stuff with very little effort. In general it requires less effort. Try to make it do a tight fast turn and it simply won’t. Not raceable. Would be a big mistake to mix up a very different handling bike in a pack of bikes that all steer neutral. When it comes time for tight handling the low trail bike just won’t.
Lots of riders would not even notice. The wifes daily rider of 35 years got a new fork to correct the long-standing toe overlap issue. Trail changed from 60mm to 39mm. She did not notice. She liked the clearance, did not even notice the steering change. Some few riders will be very sensitive to small changes in trail, for most it won’t matter.