I have a Bike of Theseus, actually maybe a little beyond that as it actually has the identical replacement frame as the SECOND frame the bike had. First was a steel road racing frame w/matching fork, fork replaced with carbon, then frame replaced with aluminum & aluminum fork, then aluminum frame cracked and replaced with identical one. Moving parts replaced over the years as required, sometimes to upgrade. Literally every part has been replaced as of 2019 when I replaced the original (1991!) F wheel because the axle broke.
I think it's questionable to say it's the same bike as the one that was built in 1991 with a steel road racing frame, but replacing the aluminum frame (c. 2008) with an identical one did not change the nature or character of the bike.