A larger drive wheel will cause the gearing to be higher. That may be good or it may be bad. If nothing else changes except the rim/tire, then the chain doesn't know the difference. Per CliffordK, the chain and gears wear out together. Measure the chain and if it's more than 1% or 1/8" over; (that is, a 12" section of chain should measure exactly 12" when the chain is new,) you should change everything at once - rear gear, chainring, and chain. Otherwise, a worn gear will cause the next chain to rapidly wear out.