I'd say yes, but it's more subtle than with other disciplines.
Carbon has brought in the possibility of more aero tube shapes, as well as some handlebar shapes the weren't possible with metal.
The Sram Omnium type bottom bracket, while popular on the road, is relatively new to track.
Aero helmets have become popular for mass start racing, I think that's relatively new.
It's a fun topic to think on. This is just a few things that I thought of off the top of my head. I'm sure others will add more.