The old Dura Ace Dyna Drive (DD) or “AX” pedals were a special axle-less design where the top of the rear cage crossed the centerline of what would be the axle.
This requires the matching crank arms that have an oversized 1” threaded bore. They were very clever engineering & some people that tried them thought they were cool (like me) but most thought they were awful. Sometimes they pop up on eBay @ decent prices. The double row bearings are housed inside that oversized pedal bore & they hold together when adjusted properly.