HTupolev

The b-pivot is the place where the derailleur attaches to the dropout. One some derailleurs, there is a screw next to this pivot, which you can use to adjust the angle at which the derailleur hangs from the bicycle. In most cases, causing a derailleur to rotate clockwise about the pivot (when viewed from the drive side) will cause the jockey wheel and cage to sit farther from the cogs, thus solving the sort of problem you're having.

However, your Huret derailleur does not appear to have a screw for b-pivot adjustment.

In your first photo, where the derailleur bolts to the dropout, see how there's a sort of tab from the derailleur resting against a stop on the dropout, which controls the angle that the derailleur mounts at? You could remove the derailleur from the bike and see if there's some way to adjust that tab; some Huret derailleurs have multiple "stops" that the tabbed washer can be set into, to control this angle.